Micro fine blue tungsten oxide’s XPS experiment is using a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique to systematically analyze the valence changes of blue tungsten oxide during tungsten powder producing from tungsten ore. XPS is the short for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. XPS Experiment of Micro Fine Blue Tungsten Oxide 1. The blue tungsten oxide powder sampled in the producing process is pressed into a φ11mm disc and delivered into ESCALAB-5. The multi-ding photoelectron spectrometer has an ultimate pressure of 2×10-10mbar. 2. An…

TBO is the abbreviation for tungsten blue oxide. It is not a defined tungsten compound, but a powdery mixture of multiple tungsten compounds whose chemical composition and physical properties are changing. Tungsten blue oxide is gradually replacing traditional tungstic acid and yellow tungsten oxide (tungsten trioxide) to become an important tungsten intermediate compound. TBO is generally composed of ammonium tungsten bronze, hydrogen tungsten bronze, tungsten trioxide (WO3, yellow tungsten oxide), β-tungsten oxide (WO2.9, blue tungsten oxide) and γ-tungsten oxide (WO2.72,…

BTO nanopowder has good catalytic performance and is the main catalyst or auxiliary catalyst in the petrochemical industry. It can also catalyze many reactions such as hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, oxidation, hydrocarbon isomerization, alkylation, and so on. Hydrogenation and dehydrogenation are two different reactions. Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. However, dehydrogenation refers to the chemical reaction which removes hydrogen from…

Ultrafine BTO powder may be prepared by APT calcination method. APT Calcination Method to Produce Blue Tungsten Oxide The principle is during heating process, keep positive pressure in furnace to prevent air goes in, and the ammonia generated by APT decomposition can split out hydrogen and nitrogen to keep the mild reducing atmosphere in furnace to obtain the final product – blue tungsten oxide. Besides that, in order to adjust phase composition of product, ammonia gas can be injected in…

Coarse BTO powder may be prepared by APT mild hydrogen reduction method. APT Mild Hydrogen Reduction Method to Produce Blue Tungsten Oxide After loaded on a boat, APT is placed in a multi tube furnace (11 tube electric furnace) and decomposed by heating. Hydrogen is injected into the furnace tube to maintain the reducing atmosphere. The decomposed gas and waste gas are ignited and burned out of the furnace tube. Phase composition of blue tungsten oxide can be adjusted by…

Fine BTO powder itself does not have lubricating property, but it may be applied to produce a new type solid lubricant – tungsten disulfide. Tungsten disulfide (WS2) adopts a layered structure related to molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), with W atoms situated in trigonal prismatic coordination sphere. As lubricant, WS2 has better performance than MoS2, such as larger compressive strength and lower friction coefficient. Tungsten disulfide is dark gray hexagonal crystal with a layered structure. WS2 has two different crystal forms. They…

99.9% blue tungsten oxide has a wide application. There are some main applications as follows. 1. Applied to produce tungsten powder. Blue tungsten oxide is gradually replacing tungstic acid and yellow tungsten oxide for the production of tungsten powder and the manufacturing of downstream products of tungsten such as tungsten wire, tungsten rod, tungsten carbide, and so on. This is because the grain size and grain composition of blue tungsten oxide are easier to be controlled. And therefore it is…

Ultrafine blue tungsten oxide is a blue powder with ultrafine grain size. Blue Tungsten Oxide Calcination The process of preparing blue tungsten oxide by using ammonium paratungstate (APT) as raw material in hydrogen (H2) atmosphere is as follows: APT is placed in the high temperature zone of quartz glass tube. Control temperature, hydrogen flow rate and holding time to produce blue tungsten oxide. To obtain blue tungsten oxide with more cracks and better uniformity, set the parameters as follows: 1.…

Analytical grade blue tungsten oxide may be applied in important analytical experiments and general research. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Blue Tungsten Oxide Photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study the surface of the valence of blue tungsten oxide. The results show that: 1. The blue tungsten oxide is not a type of tungsten oxide with single valence state, but consists of two valence states, W+5 and W+6. 2. With the temperature rising and the oxygen content decreasing, W6+ tungsten oxide decreases and…